IPM is an information-intensive systems approach that is both cost effective and environmentally sustainable

• Not IPM:

  • ID a symptom, select a broad-spectrum chemical

• IPM can include:

  • Design production system to exclude, prevent, tolerate or otherwise mitigate pests and losses
  • ID a problem to species, research its biology (life cycle, population dynamics, natural biological control, host plant susceptibility, potential for pesticide resistance development, more), research management options.
  • Sample to determine current and future levels, potential impact on the plant, biocontrol agents, use thresholds
  • Evaluate all possible controls based on efficacy, compatibility, costs, and potential side effects