Winter Wheat—Nonirrigated East of Cascades
Joe Yenish and Dan Ball
Revised December 14, 2008

WINTER WHEAT—Nonirrigated East of Cascades—Downy Brome
•  trifluralin (Treflan and others)
Rate  0.75 lb ai/A (1.5 pints/A Treflan)
Time  Apply after final seedbed preparation any time from 3 wk to immediately before planting with a deep-furrow drill, or after planting with a double-disk drill.
Remarks  Incorporate within 8 hr after application with a flextine harrow in two directions at right angles. Deep furrow seeding must follow preplant incorporation. Incorporation after planting must be shallow. See label for crop rotation limitations.
Site of action  Group 3: microtubule assembly inhibitor
Chemical family  Dinitroaniline 
•  diclofop (Hoelon)
Rate  0.75 to 1 lb ai/A (2 to 2.67 pints/A Hoelon)
Time  Apply before planting and incorporate thoroughly no more than 2 inches deep.
Remarks  Incorporate in two directions at right angles within 48 hr after application. Do not graze or harvest treated fields for forage. Do not apply more than once in a growing season. See label for application rate based on soil organic matter.
Caution  A restricted-use herbicide. If used on soil with more than 3% organic matter, may provide only suppression.
Site of action  Group 1: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor
Chemical family  Aryloxyphenoxy propionate
•  metribuzin (Sencor and other products)
Rate  0.25 to 0.38 lb ai/A (0.33 to 0.5 lb/A of the 75% DF)
Time  Apply when wheat is tillering and has developed 2-inch secondary roots.
Remarks  Plant the seed at least 1.5 inches deep and increase seeding rate by 10%. Apply before November 15 or after February 1. Do not apply after wheat begins to joint. Follow label regarding soil type and organic matter. Apply metribuzin when the crop is healthy and actively growing. Metribuzin may be applied more than once per crop season. Allow at least 21 days between applications if wheat is actively growing or allow 45 days between applications if wheat is growing in adverse conditions, has entered dormancy, or is stressed due to frost damage, disease, drought or excessive moisture. Do not graze treated fields for 14 days after application or harvest grain within 21 days after last application.
Site of action  Group 5: photosystem II inhibitor
Chemical family  Triazine
•  metribuzin (Sencor) +
•  chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron (Finesse)
Rate  0.25 to 0.38 lb ai/A metribuzin (0.33 to 0.5 lb/A of the 75% DF) + 0.23 to 0.3 oz ai/A Finesse (0.3 to 0.4 oz/A Finesse)
Time  Apply when wheat is tillering and has developed 2-inch secondary roots.
Remarks  Plant seed at least 1.5 inches deep and increase the seeding rate by 10%. Apply before November 15 or after February 1. Do not apply after wheat begins to joint. Follow the label regarding soil type and organic matter. Do not apply more than once per crop. Do not graze treated fields for 14 days after application.
Caution  Do not use on soils above pH 7.9. Finesse can persist in soil. Carefully follow label instructions on crop rotations. Many crops may not be planted for 2 yr or longer after applying.
Site of action  (metribuzin) Group 5: photosystem II inhibitor; (chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor  
Chemical family  (metribuzin) triazine; (chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron) sulfonylurea
 •  triallate (Far-Go)
suppression only
Rate  1.5 lb ai/A (15 lb/A Far-Go Granular or 1.25-1.5 gal/A of Far-Go 4EC)
Time  Apply preplant and incorporate.
Remarks  Incorporate lightly in two directions at right angles. Some stand thinning may occur on clay knobs or where wheat is dusted in, due to dry conditions. Do not graze.
Site of action  Group 8: lipid synthesis inhibitor but not an ACCase inhibitor
Chemical family  Thiocarbamate
•  sulfosulfuron (Maverick)
Rate  0.031 lb ai/A (0.67 oz/A Maverick) plus 0.5% nonionic surfactant
Time  Apply to wheat preemergence up to jointing stage of growth. For best control of brome species, apply fall postemergence when brome is in two- to three-leaf stage. To suppress brome species in spring, apply up to five-tiller growth stage.
Remarks  Early spring applications should be when brome has recovered from cold weather, when most foliage is green, not red or purple.
Caution  Do not use within 60 days of crop emergence if an organophosphate insecticide has been applied in-furrow. Do not tank-mix with malathion. Do not plant any crop other than wheat for 1 yr after application.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
•  propoxycarbazone-sodium (Olympus)
Rate  0.026 to 0.039 lb ai/A (0.6 to 0.9 oz/A Olympus) plus 0.25 to 0.5% nonionic surfactant
Time  Apply to wheat after emergence but before jointing begins. May be applied in fall or spring or sequentially. Base application timing on crop stage, not weed stage. Suppression only with spring applications and fall applications of 0.026 lb/A propoxycarbazone-sodium (0.6 oz Olympus/A); control with fall applications of 0.039 lb/A propoxycarbazone-sodium (0.9 oz Olympus/A).
Remarks  Do not exceed 1.2 oz/A Olympus per crop year.
Caution  Do not use with organosilicone-based surfactants.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone
•  propoxycarbazone-sodium + mesosulfuron-methyl (Olympus Flex)
Rate  0.021 to 0.025 lb ai/A (3 to 3.5 oz/A Olympus Flex) plus adjuvant system (see below)
Time  Apply to wheat after emergence but before jointing begins. Fall or spring—apply specified dosage per acre as a postemergence broadcast spray to actively growing wild oat and annual brome grasses in the one-leaf to two-tiller stage. Fall applications will provide control of field infestations of downy brome and a spring application will provide partial control. A nonionic surfactant (0.5% v/v) with ammonium nitrogen (1 to 2 quarts/A) or ammonium sulfate (1.5 to 3 lb/A) fertilizer must be tank-mixed with Olympus Flex. Base application timing on crop stage, not weed stage.
Remarks  Do not exceed 3.5 oz/A Olympus Flex per crop year.
Caution  Do not use with organosilicone-based surfactants.
Site of action  (both) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  (propoxycarbazone) sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone; (mesosulfuron) sulfonylurea

WINTER WHEAT—Nonirrigated East of Cascades—Wild Oat and Italian Ryegrass
•  diclofop (Hoelon)
Rate  0.5 to 1 lb ai/A (1.33 to 2.67 pints/A Hoelon)
Time  Apply when most Italian ryegrass is in the one- to four-leaf stage. Use higher rates for larger Italian ryegrass. Apply when most wild oat is in the one- to three-leaf stage. Apply before jointing stage of wheat. Do not apply a phenoxy-based herbicide or dicamba within 5 days of diclofop application. For tank-mixes, see label.
Remarks  Do not let livestock graze treated fields for 28 days after treatment. Do not apply more than once per growing season.
Caution  A restricted-use herbicide.
Site of action  Group 1: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor
Chemical family  Aryloxyphenoxy propionate
•  tralkoxydim (Achieve)
Rate  0.18 to 0.24 lb ai/A (6.9 to 9.2 fl oz/A Achieve)
Time  Apply to wheat from two-leaf to boot stage. Apply to wild oat in the one- to six-leaf stage. Apply to Italian ryegrass at the one- to four-leaf stage.
Remarks  Wild oat will be controlled up to the emergence of the third tiller. Italian ryegrass is best controlled before fall dormancy. Use Supercharge adjuvant (supplied with Achieve) at 4 pints/100 gal water (0.5% v/v).
Caution  Avoid drift to cultivated oats and corn.
Site of action  Group 1: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor
Chemical family  Cyclohexanedione
•  clodinafop (Discover or Discover NG)
Rate  0.05 to 0.0625 lb ai/A (3.2 to 4 oz/A Discover or 12.8 to 16 oz/A Discover NG)
Time  Apply to wheat from two-leaf to pre-boot stage. Apply to wild oat in the one- to six-leaf stage. Apply to Italian ryegrass at the one- to five-leaf stage.
Remarks  Wild oat will be controlled up to emergence of fourth tiller. Use DSV adjuvant with Discover (supplied with Discover) at 10.2 oz/A for wild oat and 12.8 oz/A for other grass weeds. Do not add DSV adjuvant to Discover NG. A nonphytotoxic methylated seed oil may be added at 0.25% v/v to enhance weed control under low moisture or high temperature stress or when spray volumes exceed 10 gal/A.
Caution  Avoid drift to crop oats and corn.
Site of action  Group 1: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor
Chemical family  Aryloxyphenoxy propionate
•  mesosulfuron-methyl (Osprey)
Rate 0.009 to 0.013 lb ai/A (3.2 to 4.75 oz/A Osprey
Time  Apply to winter wheat from wheat emergence to jointing stage. For Italian ryegrass and wild oat, apply from one-leaf to two-tiller growth stage. See label for application timing and weed size.
Remarks  Treat heavy infestations before they compete with the crop. A recommended adjuvant must be tank-mixed with Osprey. Do not apply Osprey more than once per crop year.
Caution  For winter wheat only.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
•  flucarbazone (Everest)
Rate  0.027 lb ai/A (0.6 oz/A Everest) 
Time  Apply to winter wheat from wheat emergence to jointing stage. For Italian ryegrass and wild oat, application timing is from one-leaf to two-tiller stage. See label for application timing, weed size, and adjuvant use rate.
Remarks  Treated wheat fields can be grazed at any time.  Do not apply more than once per growing season. Mix with a nonionic surfactant at 2 pints/100 gal. May be applied by air. Do not use surfactant with ester or EC-based herbicide tank-mixes.
Caution  Preharvest interval is 60 days. Certain crops cannot be replanted within 9 to 24 mo of treatment; see label for crop rotation restrictions.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone
•  pinoxaden (Axial or Axial XL)
Rate  0.053 lb ai/A (8.2 oz/A Axial or 16.4 oz/A Axial XL)
Time  Apply to winter wheat from the two-leaf to pre-boot stage. Apply to wild oat from one- to six-leaf stage but before fourth tiller emerges. Apply to Italian ryegrass from one- to five-leaf stage but before third tiller emerges.
Remarks  Use Adigor adjuvant (supplied with Axial) at 9.6 oz/A. Use at least 5 gal/A water in aerial applications, 5 to 10 gal/A water in ground applications. Surfactant not required with Axial XL formulation.
Caution  Avoid applying in more than 10 gal/A water or grass control may be reduced. Do not apply to a crop stressed by conditions such as frost, low fertility, drought, flooding, or disease or insect damage, or crop may be injured.
Site of action  Group 1: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor
Chemical family  Phenylpyrazolin
•  propoxycarbazone-sodium + mesosulfuron-methyl (Olympus Flex)
Rate  0.021 to 0.025 lb ai/A (3 to 3.5 oz/A Olympus Flex) plus adjuvant system (see below)
Time  Apply to wheat after emergence but before jointing begins. Fall or spring: apply specified dosage per acre as a postemergence broadcast spray to actively growing wild oat and annual brome grasses in the one-leaf to two-tiller stage. A nonionic surfactant (0.5% v/v) with ammonium nitrogen (1 to 2 quarts/A) or ammonium sulfate (1.5 to 3 lb/A) fertilizer must be tank-mixed with Olympus Flex or a methylated seed oil at 1.3 to 1.5 pint/A or a basic blend adjuvant at 1% v/v. Base application timing on crop stage, not weed stage.
Remarks  Do not exceed 3.5 oz/A Olympus Flex per crop year.  Spring application in tank-mix combination with metribuzin may reduce control of wild oat, annual (Italian) ryegrass, and downy brome.
Caution  Do not use with organosilicone-based surfactants.
Site of action  (both) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  (propoxycarbazone) sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone; (mesosulfuron) sulfonylurea.
WINTER WHEAT—Nonirrigated East of Cascades—Wild Oat 
•  triallate (Far-Go)
Rate  1.25 to 1.5 lb ai/A (1.25 to 1.5 quarts/A Far-Go)
Time  Apply before or after seeding.
Remarks  Incorporate shallowly in two directions at right angles. Some stand thinning may occur on clay knobs or where wheat is dusted in, due to dry weather. May not control spring-germinating wild oat. Do not graze.
Site of action  Group 8: lipid synthesis inhibitor but not an ACCase inhibitor
Chemical family  Thiocarbamate
•  difenzoquat (Avenge)
Rate  0.625 to 1 lb ai/A (2.5 to 4 pints/A Avenge)
Time  Apply when most wild oats are in the one- to three-leaf stage but before jointing stage of wheat.
Remarks  Use 1-lb ai/A rate if wild oat plants exceed 25/sq ft. Use additional surfactant if spray volume exceeds 10 gal/A. Do not apply if freezing temperatures are forecast, plants are wet with dew or rain, rain is expected within 6 hr, or the flag leaf is exposed. Do not apply more than once per season.
Caution  Do not get this herbicide in eyes or on skin. Follow the “Recommended” and “Not recommended” table on the Avenge label for restricted varieties of barley and wheat.
Site of action  Group 26: unknown
Chemical family  Pyrazolium 
•  imazamethabenz (Assert)
Rate  0.41 to 0.47 lb ai/A (1.3 to 1.5 pints/A Assert)
Time  Apply to wheat (including durum) from the two-leaf stage but before first internode develops. Apply when wild oat plants are in one- to four-leaf stage of growth.
Remarks  Consult label for crop rotation restrictions before using this material. If wild oat plants exceed 25/sq ft, use a minimum spray volume of 15 gal/A by ground. Add a nonionic surfactant of at least 80% ai. Use the high rate and increase spray volume if the wild oat has begun tillering. Imazamethabenz controls roughstalk bluegrass, wild mustard, tansy mustard, flixweed, and field pennycress and suppresses wild buckwheat and catchweed bedstraw.
Caution  Do not graze treated fields or cut treated foliage for silage or hay. Do not tank-mix Assert with amine formulations of MCPA or 2,4-D or with phosphorous fertilizers. Wait at least 15 mo after application to plant red beets, oats, rape, mustard, broccoli, peas, or lentils; wait at least 20 mo to plant sugar beets.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Imidazolinone
WINTER WHEAT—Nonirrigated East of Cascades—Wild Oat, Blackgrass, and Windgrass
•  fenoxaprop (Puma)
Rate  0.0825 lb ai/A fenoxaprop (0.66 pints/A Puma)
Time  Apply to wheat from emergence to 70 days prior to harvest. Apply to young, vigorously growing grass weeds. Wild oat is susceptible in the two-leaf to two-tiller stage of growth, blackgrass in the two-leaf through advanced tillering, and windgrass from emergence to 3 inches high.
Remarks  Low soil-moisture, low humidity, and high temperatures before herbicide application might slightly reduce wild oat control.
Caution  Do not tank-mix with other herbicides, surfactants, or liquid fertilizers unless specifically recommended on the label.
Site of action  Group 1: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor
Chemical family  Aryloxyphenoxy propionate
•  flucarbazone (Everest)
Rate  0.018 to 0.027 lb ai/A (0.41 to 0.61 oz/A Everest) 
Time  Apply to winter wheat from wheat emergence to jointing stage and to actively growing grass weeds in the one-leaf to two-tiller growth stage. See label for application timing and weed size.
Remarks  Treated wheat fields can be grazed at any time. Do not apply more than once per growing season. Mix with a nonionic surfactant at 2 pints/100 gal. May be applied by air.
Caution  Preharvest interval is 60 days. Certain crops cannot be replanted within 9 to 24 mo of treatment; see label for crop rotation restrictions.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone
•  flufenacet + metribuzin (Axiom DF) 
Rate  0.136 to 0.34 lb/A flufenacet and 0.034 to 0.085 lb/A metribuzin/A (4 to 10 oz/A Axiom DF)
Time  Apply from spike to the three-leaf growth stage of winter wheat
Remarks  For best results: 1) plant wheat after the first flush of weeds has emerged and is destroyed by tillage; or, in no-till winter wheat, apply a nonselective herbicide to control emerged weeds at or before planting; 2) apply Axiom before the weeds’ one-leaf stage; and 3) use the highest specified rate.
Caution  Certain wheat varieties are sensitive to Axiom; see label.
Site of action  (flufenacet) Group 15: inhibits very long chain fatty acid synthesis; (metribuzin) Group 5: photosystem II inhibitor
Chemical family  (flufenacet) oxyacetamide; (metribuzin) triazine
WINTER WHEAT—Nonirrigated East of Cascades—Annual Grass and Broadleaf Weeds
Postemergence
•  imazamox (Beyond)
Rate  0.031 to 0.047 lb ai/A (4 to 6 oz/A Beyond)
Time  Apply postemergence to Clearfield wheat after tiller initiation but before jointing. May be applied in fall–winter or spring for winter or spring annual weed control. Apply when most actively growing annual grass weeds are in the four- to five-leaf stage. Broadleaf weeds should be actively growing and less than 3 inches tall.
Remarks  Adding a nonionic surfactant and a liquid nitrogen fertilizer or ammonium sulfate solution is required.
Caution  Use only on Clearfield wheat varieties. Temporary height reduction or slight leaf yellowing may occur after application; effects can be more pronounced under environmental stress. Do not tank-mix with sulfonylurea herbicides due to potential crop response or weed control antagonism. Apply Beyond no more than 2 out of 4 yr. Do not plant Clearfield wheat continually. There are no restrictions on feeding or grazing wheat forage and hay after applying Beyond. Some crops cannot be planted within 26 mo of applying; see label for crop rotation restrictions.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Imidazolinone
•  imazamox + MCPA ester (Clearmax) 
sold as a co-pack of imazamox and MCPA ester in separate containers within the co-pack
Rate  0.031 to 0.047 lb ai/A imazamox (4 to 6 oz/A formulated imazamox) + 0.23 to 0.35 lb ae/A MCPA ester (8 to 12 oz/A formulated MCPA ester)
Time  Apply postemergence to Clearfield wheat after tiller initiation but before jointing. May apply in fall–winter or in spring for winter or spring annual weed control. Apply when most actively growing annual grass weeds are in four- to five-leaf stage. Broadleaf weeds should be actively growing and less than 3 inches tall.
Remarks  Adding a nonionic surfactant and a liquid nitrogen fertilizer or ammonium sulfate solution is required.
Caution  Use only on Clearfield wheat varieties. Temporary height reduction or slight leaf yellowing may occur after application; effects can be more pronounced under environmental stress. Do not tank-mix with sulfonylurea herbicides due to potential crop response or weed control antagonism. Apply Beyond no more than 2 out of 4 yr. Do not plant Clearfield wheat continually. Do not forage or graze meat animals on treated areas within 7 days of slaughter. Do not forage or graze dairy animals on treated areas within 7 days after treatment. Some crops cannot be planted within 26 mo of application; see label for crop rotation restrictions.
Site of action  (imazamox) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor; (MCPA) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (imazamox) imidazolinone; (MCPA) phenoxy acetic acid
• pyroxsulam (PowerFlex)
Rate  0.016 lb ai/A (3.5 oz/A PowerFlex)
Time  Apply in either fall or spring to actively growing winter wheat from the three-leaf to jointing state and after most weeds have emerged. Apply with a nonionic surfactant (0.25% to 0.50% v/v) and ammonium sulfate (1.5 lb/A).  
Remarks  When applying with fluid fertilizer, spray solution should not be composed of more than 50% liquid nitrogen and should not exceed 30 lb of actual nitrogen per acre. If applying with liquid nitrogen, use a nonionic surfactant at a maximum of 0.25% v/v, instead of crop oil concentrate.
Caution  For winter wheat only. Do not mix with products containing dicamba or amine formulations of 2,4-D or MCPA  or organophosphate insecticides.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide

WINTER WHEAT—Nonirrigated East of Cascades—Broadleaf Weeds
Fall-applied foliage and soil active
•  linuron (Linex) 
Rate  0.5 to 0.75 lb ai/A (1 to 1.5 pint/A Linex 4L)
Time  Apply postemergence before November 15, after rain settles soil, to wheat seeded more than 1.5 inches deep.
Remarks  Do not apply to coarse soils. Do not plant any crop not listed on the label within 6 mo after applying. Do not graze or feed immature plants to livestock. 
Site of action  Group 7: photosystem II inhibitor
Chemical family  Substituted urea
Fall- or spring-applied foliage and soil active
•  chlorsulfuron (Glean FC) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.13 to 0.25 oz ai/A postemergence (0.17 to 0.33 oz/A Glean). Do not exceed 0.33 oz/A Glean in an 18-mo period.
Time  Apply in fall or spring any time after most weeds emerge and crop is in two-leaf stage. See label for postemergence application timing when using tank-mixes or sequential treatments.
Remarks  Chlorsulfuron controls a wide range of broadleaf weeds and inhibits Canada thistle. It will not control nightshades. For best results in postemergence applications, weeds should be actively growing, and a surfactant of at least 80% ai should be added at 1 to 2 quarts/100 gal. For specific weed problems, various tank-mixes are possible; see manufacturer’s label for recommendations. There are no grazing restrictions for chlorsulfuron.
Caution  Do not use on soils above pH 7.9. Chlorsulfuron can persist in soil. Carefully follow label instructions on crop rotations. Many crops may not be planted within 24 mo or longer after applying. See label for cautions on tank-mix or sequential applications with organophosphate insecticides as well as applications just before or during adverse conditions such as cold or freezing weather.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
•  chlorsulfuron +  metsulfuron (Finesse) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.15 to 0.375 oz ai/A preemergence or fall postemergence (0.2 to 0.5 oz/A Finesse); 0.15 to 0. 3 oz ai/A spring postemergence (0.2 to 0.4 oz/A Finesse)
Time  Apply in fall or spring any time after crop is in two-leaf stage. See label for postemergence application timing when using tank-mixes.
Remarks  Finesse controls a wide range of broadleaf weeds and inhibits Canada thistle. For best results with postemergence applications, weeds should be actively growing; add a surfactant of at least 80% ai at 1 to 2 quarts/100 gal. For specific weed problems, various tank-mixes are possible; see label for recommendations. There are no grazing restrictions for Finesse.
Caution  Do not use on soils above pH 7.9. Finesse can persist in soil. Follow label instructions carefully regarding crop rotations. Many crops may not be planted within 24 mo or longer after application. See label for cautions on tank-mix or sequential applications with organophosphate insecticides and applications just before or during adverse conditions such as cold or freezing weather.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
•  metsulfuron (Ally XP) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.06 oz ai/A (0.1 oz/A Ally XP) 
Time  Apply postemergence after wheat has two leaves but before boot stage. See label instructions for postemergence application timing when using tank-mixes.
Remarks  Metsulfuron controls a wide range of broadleaf weeds and inhibits Canada thistle. For best results, add a surfactant of at least 80% ai at 1 to 2 quarts/100 gal. Apply to difficult-to-control weeds while they are actively growing and not more than 2 inches tall or wide. To broaden the spectrum of control, tank-mix with a suitable registered herbicide such as 2,4-D.
Caution  Do not use on soils above pH 7.9. Metsulfuron can persist in soil. Carefully follow label instructions on crop rotations. Many crops may not be planted within 2 yr or longer after applying. See label for cautions on tank-mix or sequential applications with organophosphate insecticides and applications just before or during conditions such as cold or freezing weather.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
•  thifensulfuron + tribenuron + metsulfuron (Ally Extra) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.14 to 0.28 oz ai/A (0.2 to 0.4 oz/A Ally Extra) + 0.25% nonionic surfactant
Time  After crop is in two-leaf stage but before flag leaf is visible.
Remarks  Results are best on young, actively growing weeds and when temperature is 60°F or higher and soil moisture is adequate before, during, and immediately after treatment.
Caution  Do not let herbicide drift off target. Do not plant any crop other than wheat or barley for 45 days after application. Wait 60 days after application to plant sugar beets, winter rape, and canola.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
•  prosulfuron (Peak) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.14 to 0.29 oz ai/A (0.25 to 0.5 oz/A Peak)
Time  Apply postemergence from the three-leaf to second-joint stage of growth.
Remarks  Results are best when weeds are young and actively growing. Apply with nonionic surfactant of at least 80% ai at 1 to 2 quarts/100 gal, or a crop oil concentrate of at least 12% emulsifier at 1 to 4 pints/A.
Caution  Carefully follow label instructions on crop rotations. Do not let spray drift onto nontarget crops. See label for cautions on tank-mix or sequential applications with organophosphate insecticides and applications just before or during adverse conditions such as cold weather. Do not harvest within 60 days of harvest. Do not graze or feed forage until 30 days after application.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
•  diuron (Karmex or Direx)
Rate  0.8 to 1.2 lb ai/A (1 to 1.5 lb/A of the 80% DF)
Time  Apply after wheat is established, as evidenced by a developing secondary root system.
Remarks  Apply before November 15 or after February 1. Do not apply after wheat begins jointing. Do not apply to coarse soils, clay knobs, or soils with less than 1% organic matter. Do not apply to wheat less than 1 inch deep. Do not plant to any other crop within 12 mo after application. Do not graze or feed treated forage.
Site of action  Group 7: photosystem II inhibitor
Chemical family  Substituted urea
•  metribuzin (Sencor and other products)
Rate  0.25 to 0.38 lb ai/A (0.33 to 0.5 lb/A of the 75% DF)
Time  Apply when the wheat is tillering and has developed 2-inch secondary roots.
Remarks  Plant the seed at least 1.5 inches deep and increase the seeding rate by 10%. Apply before November 15 or after February 1. Do not apply after the wheat begins to joint. See label regarding rate and soil type. Do not graze for 14 days after application.
Site of action  Group 5: photosystem II inhibitor
Chemical family  Triazine
•  diuron (Karmex or Direx) +
•  bromoxynil (Buctril 2EC)
Rate  0.4 lb ai/A diuron (0.5 lb/A of 80% DF) + 0.25 lb ai/A bromoxynil (1 pint/A Buctril)
Time  Apply after crop develops a secondary root system.
Remarks  Apply before November 15 or after February 1. Do not apply after wheat begins to elongate. See label regarding soil type and crop rotation. Do not graze for 45 days.
Site of action  (diuron) Group 7: photosystem II inhibitor; (bromoxynil) Group 6: photosystem II inhibitor
Chemical family  (diuron) substituted urea; (bromoxynil) nitrile
•  metribuzin (Sencor) low rate
Rate  0.09 to 0.14 lb ai/A (2 to 3 oz/A of the 75% DF) in tank-mix with labeled broadleaf herbicide
Time  Apply to wheat after the two- to three-leaf stage but not during winter dormancy.
Remarks  See metribuzin label for acceptable tank-mix partners. Plant seed at least 1.5 inches deep. Apply before November 15 or after February 1. Heavy rains immediately after application may injure crop. Do not graze for 14 days after applying. If applying metribuzin sequentially, allow at least 45 days between applications except for spring split applications, which can be as close as 10 days apart.
Site of action  Group 5: photosystem II inhibitor
Chemical family  Triazine
•  triasulfuron (Amber) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.21 to 0.35 oz ai/A (0.28 to 0.47 oz/A Amber) preemergence or postemergence
Time  Apply in fall or spring when crop is between the two-leaf and preboot stage. See label for preemergence applications.
Remarks  Triasulfuron controls a wide range of broadleaf weeds and inhibits Canada thistle. For best results with postemergence applications, weeds should be actively growing and a surfactant of at least 80% ai should be added at 1 to 2 quarts/100 gal. No grazing restrictions for triasulfuron.
Caution  Triasulfuron can persist in soil. Carefully follow label instructions on crop rotations. Several crops may not be seeded for 24 mo or longer after triasulfuron application. See label for cautions on tank-mix or sequential applications with organophosphate insecticides and applications just before rain. Do not apply to snow-covered or frozen soil.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
•  linuron (Linex) +
•  bromoxynil (Buctril 2EC)
Rate  0.25 lb ai/A linuron (0.5 pint/A Linex 4L) + 0.25 lb ai/A bromoxynil (1 pint/A Buctril)
Time  Apply after rain settles soil and wheat has at least three leaves. Be sure weeds have germinated but are less than 2 inches.
Remarks  Apply before November 15 or after February 1. Do not apply after wheat begins to joint. Do not use in combination with any other materials.
Site of action  (linuron) Group 7: photosystem II inhibitor; (bromoxynil) Group 6: photosystem II inhibitor
Chemical family  (linuron) substituted urea; (bromoxynil) nitrile 
•  metribuzin (Sencor) +
•  bromoxynil (Buctril 2EC)
Rate  0.125 to 0.25 lb ai/A metribuzin (0.17 to 0.33 lb /A of the 75% DF) + 0.25 lb ai/A bromoxynil (1 pint/A Buctril)
Time  Apply when wheat has 2-inch secondary roots.
Remarks  Apply before November 15 or after February 1. Do not apply after the wheat begins to joint. See label regarding soil type. Do not graze treated fields for 45 days. Partially controls downy brome. 
Site of action  (metribuzin) Group 5: photosystem II inhibitor; (bromoxynil) Group 6: photosystem II inhibitor
Chemical family  (metribuzin) triazine; (bromoxynil) nitrile
•  metribuzin (Sencor) +
•  dicamba (Banvel, Clarity, or others)
Rate  0.125 to 0.25 lb ai/A metribuzin (0.17 to 0.33 lb/A of the 75% DF) + 0.06 to 0.12 lb ae/A dicamba (0.25 to 0.5 pint/A Banvel SGF)
Time  Apply after wheat develops 2-inch secondary roots. Weeds should be less than 2 inches.
Remarks  Apply before November 15 or after February 1. Do not apply after wheat begins to joint. See labels regarding soil type. Do not graze or harvest for livestock feed before crop maturity.
Caution  Do not let this combination drift off target.
Site of action  (metribuzin) Group 5: photosystem II inhibitor; (dicamba) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (metribuzin) triazine; (dicamba) benzoic acid

Fall- or spring-applied foliage active
•  bromoxynil (Buctril 2EC)
Rate  0.38 to 0.5 lb ai/A (1.5 to 2 pints/A Buctril)
Time  Apply after weeds germinate but before they reach 1 inch.
Remarks  Apply before November 15 or after February 1. Do not apply to weeds covered with heavy frost or ice. Do not graze for 45 days after application.
Site of action Group 6: photosystem II inhibitor
Chemical family  Nitrile
•  tribenuron (Express) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.13 to 0.25 oz ai/A (0.25 to 0.5 oz/A Express) + 0.25% nonionic surfactant
Time  After crop is in the two-leaf stage but before flag leaf is visible.
Remarks  Results are best on young, actively growing weeds, when temperature is 60°F or higher, and soil moisture is adequate before, during, and immediately after treatment.
Caution  Do not allow spray to drift to adjacent crops or land. Do not apply during an air temperature inversion. Immediately after spraying, thoroughly clean chemical from mixing and spraying equipment. Replant wheat, barley, and oats any time after application. Wait 60 days after application to plant sugar beets, winter rape, and canola; wait 45 days to plant all other crops.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
•  thifensulfuron + tribenuron (Harmony Extra) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.23 to 0.45 oz ai/A (0.3 to 0.6 oz/A Harmony Extra) + 0.25% nonionic surfactant
Time  After crop is in the two-leaf stage but before the flag leaf is visible.
Remarks  Results are best on young, actively growing weeds and when temperature is 60°F or higher and soil moisture is adequate before, during, and immediately after treatment.
Caution  Do not allow spray to drift to adjacent crops or land. Do not apply during an air temperature inversion. Immediately after spraying, thoroughly clean chemical from mixing and spray equipment. Replant wheat, barley, and oats any time after application. Wait 60 days after application to plant sugar beets, winter rape, and canola; wait 45 days to plant all other crops.
Site of action  (both) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  (both) sulfonylurea
•  thifensulfuron (Harmony GT) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.014 to 0.028 lb ai/A (0.3 to 0.6 oz./a Harmony GT) plus 0.25% nonionic surfactant
Time  After crop is in the two-leaf stage but before flag leaf is visible.
Remarks  Results are best on young, actively growing weeds and when temperature is 60°F or higher and soil moisture is adequate before, during, and immediately after treatment. Can be tank-mixed with grass herbicides.
Caution  Do not let spray drift to adjacent crop or land. Do not apply during an air temperature inversion. Immediately after spraying, thoroughly clean mixing and spray equipment with an approved tank cleaner. Do not plant any crop other than wheat, barley, field corn, or oats for 45 days after application.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
•  thifensulfuron + tribenuron (Affinity Broadspec or Affinity TankMix) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.0125 to 0.031 lb ai/A (0.4 to 1 oz/A Affinity Broadspec) or 0.01875 to 0.031 lb ai/A (0.6 to 1 oz/A Affinity TankMix) + 0.25% nonionic surfactant
Time  Apply after crop is in two-leaf stage but before flag leaf is visible.
Remarks  Results are best when weeds are young and actively growing, temperature is 60°F or higher, and soil moisture is adequate before, during, and immediately after treatment. Refer to most recent grass herbicide label to determine tank-mix restrictions.
Caution  Do not let this herbicide drift off target. Do not plant any crop but wheat or barley for 45 days after application. Do not plant sugar beets, winter rape, and canola until 60 days after application.
Site of action  (both) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  (both) sulfonylurea
•  carfentrazone-ethyl (Aim EC)
Rate  0.008 to 0.031 lb ai/A carfentrazone-ethyl (0.5 to 2 oz/A Aim EC)
Time  Apply to wheat up to the jointing stage. For best performance, apply to actively growing weeds up to 4 inches high and to rosettes less than 3 inches across.
Remarks  Apply alone or in a tank-mix with other herbicides to actively growing weeds. Use higher rates on more mature weeds or dense vegetative growth. Use a nonionic surfactant with at least 80% ai at 0.25% v/v (2 pints/100 gal spray solution). If wheat grows in very dry soil, a high-quality sprayable liquid nitrogen fertilizer (2 to 4% v/v or 2 to 4 gal/100 gal spray solution) may be used in addition to the nonionic surfactant.
Caution  Crop injury may increase with tank-mixtures of carfentrazone with other EC- or ester-formulated pesticides, or with crop oil concentrate, methylated seed oil, or silicone-based adjuvants, or when Aim EC is applied at rates above 0.016 lb ai/A (1 fl oz/A Aim EC).
Site of action  Group 14: protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor
Chemical family  Triazinone
•  pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil (Huskie) 
Rate  0.027 to 0.037 lb pyrasulfotole + 0.22 to 0.29 lb bromoxynil/A (11 to 15 oz/A Huskie)
Time  Apply to active growing wheat after the one-leaf growth stage up to flag leaf emergence.
Remarks  Compatible with many commonly used tank-mix partners. Spray additives such as ammonium sulfate, urea ammonium nitrate, or nonionic surfactant may be used especially under challenging conditions to optimize herbicidal activity. Apply alone or in a tank-mix with other herbicides to actively growing weeds.
Caution  Rain within 1 hr after application may reduce control. Do not apply more than once per season. Preharvest interval is 25 days for forage and 60 days for straw or grain.
Site of action  (pyrasulfotole) Group 28: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor; (bromoxynil) Group 6: photosystem II inhibitor
Chemical family  (pyrasulfotole) pyrazole; (bromoxynil) nitrile
•  florasulam + MCPA ester (Orion) 
Rate  0.0044 lbs florasulam + 0.31 lbs MCPA ester/A (17 oz/A Orion)
Time  Apply early postemergence to actively growing weeds and wheat from the three-leaf crop growth stage up to the jointing stage. A later application when the crop is between the jointing and boot stage may be used to control later emerging weeds; however, do not apply unless the risk of injury is acceptable. Do not apply after the boot stage.
Remarks  Only weeds emerged at the time of application will be controlled.
Caution  If foliage is wet at the time of application control may be decreased. Orion is rainfast within 4 hr after application.
Site of action  (florasulam) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor; (MCPA ester) Group 4 synthetic auxin 
Chemical family  (florasulam) triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide; (MCPA ester) phenoxy acetic acid

Spring-applied foliage active
•  MCPA
Rate  0.5 to 1 lb ae/A
Time  Apply in spring after wheat has at least three tillers and nine leaves up to boot stage.
Remarks  Do not apply in fall.
Caution  Do not let MCPA drift off target.
Site of action  Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  Phenoxy acetic acid
•  bromoxynil + MCPA (Bronate 4EC) 
Rate  0.25 to 0.5 lb ai/A bromoxynil + 0.25 to 0.5 lb ae/A MCPA (1 to 2 pints/A Bronate)
Time  Apply in spring after wheat has at least three leaves but before it begins to boot.
Remarks  Do not graze for 45 days.
Caution  Do not permit MCPA to drift off target.
Site of action  (bromoxynil) Group 6: photosystem II inhibitor; (MCPA) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (bromoxynil) nitrile; (MCPA) phenoxy acetic acid
•  bromoxynil + fluroxypyr (Starane NXT) 
Rate  0.25 to 0.5 lb ai/A bromoxynil + 0.06  to 0.125 lb ai/A fluroxypyr (14 to 27.4 oz/A Starane NTX) 
Time  Apply to wheat from three-leaf stage through flag leaf emergence. Apply to weeds up to 4 or 8 inches tall, depending on rate.
Remarks  Compatible with all grass herbicides. Any crop may be planted 120 days after application.
Site of action  (bromoxynil) Group 6: photosystem II inhibitor; (fluroxypyr) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (bromoxynil) nitrile; (fluroxypyr) pyridine
•  2,4-D
Rate  0.5 to 1 lb ae/A
Time  Apply in spring after wheat has at least four tillers and 12 leaves but before wheat begins to joint. Do not apply in fall.
Remarks  Do not graze within 2 wk after application.
Caution  Do not let 2,4-D drift off target.
Site of action  Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  Phenoxy acetic acid
•  dicamba (Banvel, Clarity, or others)
Rate  0.12 lb ae/A
Time  Apply in spring after wheat has at least four tillers and 12 leaves but before jointing.
Remarks  Treated wheat may grow semiprostrate for a while, but this normally does not affect yield. Do not graze or harvest for livestock feed before crop matures.
Caution  Do not let dicamba drift off target.
Site of action  Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  Benzoic acid
•  2,4-D or
•  MCPA +
•  dicamba (Banvel, Clarity, or others)
Rate  0.38 lb ae/A 2,4-D or MCPA + 0.12 lb ae/A dicamba
Time  Apply in spring after wheat has at least four tillers and 12 leaves but before it begins to joint. Do not apply in fall.
Remarks  Treated wheat may grow semiprostrate for a while, but normally yield is not affected. Do not graze or harvest for livestock feed before crop matures.
Caution  Do not let these combinations drift off target.
Site of action  (all) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (2,4-D and MCPA) phenoxy acetic acid; (dicamba) benzoic acid
•  fluroxypyr (Starane Ultra)
Rate  0.125 to 0.25 lb ae/A fluroxypyr (0.66 to 1.33 pints/A Starane Ultra)
Time  Apply to actively growing wheat from the two-leaf crop stage up to and including flag leaf emergence. Apply when weeds are actively growing but before they are vining or 8 inches tall.
Remarks  Bedstraw and kochia (including sulfonylurea-resistant biotypes) are among weeds that fluroxypyr controls at the lower rate. Only emerged weeds will be affected. Moisture on foliage at application may decrease control. Applications are rainfast 1 hour after application.
Caution  Do not plant any crop other than wheat, barley, or oats for 120 days after application.
Site of action  Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  Pyridine
•  fluroxypyr + clopyralid (WideMatch)
Rate  0.094 to 0.125 lb ae/A fluroxypyr + 0.094 to 0.125 ae/A clopyralid (1 to 1.33 pints/A WideMatch)
Time  Apply to wheat from three-leaf stage through flag leaf emergence.
Remarks  May be applied in tank-mixes with labeled rates of other products. Apply to weeds up to 4 to 8 inches tall, depending on rate. Tank-mix with MCPA, thifensulfuron (Harmony GT),  or 2,4-D. Compatible with all grass herbicides.
Site of action  (both) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (both) pyridine
•  bromoxynil (Buctril 2EC) or
•  bromoxynil + MCPA (Bronate 4EC) +
•  dicamba (Banvel, Clarity, or others)
Rate  0.38 lb ai/A bromoxynil (1.5 pints/A Buctril) or 0.25 lb ai/A bromoxynil + 0.25 ai/A MCPA (1 pint/A Bronate) + 0.06 to 0.12 lb ae/A dicamba
Time  Apply in spring after wheat has at least three tillers and nine leaves but before it begins to joint.
Remarks  Do not apply in fall.
Caution  Do not let these combinations drift off target. See labels for grazing restrictions.
Site of action  (bromoxynil) Group 6: photosystem II inhibitor; (MCPA and dicamba) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (bromoxynil) nitrile; (MCPA) phenoxy acetic acid; (dicamba) benzoic acid
•  clopyralid + 2,4-D amine (Curtail)
Rate  0.095 to 0.126 lb ae/A clopyralid + 0.5 to 0.67 lb ae/A 2,4-D amine/A (2 to 2.66 pints/A Curtail)
Time  Apply in the spring to young, actively growing weeds after grain has begun tillering up to jointing stage (first node on stem detectable).
Remarks  Curtail is particularly effective on members of the sunflower family such as Canada thistle and mayweed. Control of tough winter annual weeds such as corn gromwell and fiddleneck  requires tank-mixing with other herbicides. Check the Curtail label for details on mixtures. For Canada thistle, apply after most basal leaves emerge but before bud stage.
Caution  Wait 30 days after application to plant wheat, barley, oats, grasses, or field corn. Do not plant sugar beets in the same growing season after treatment. Do not rotate to beans, lentils, peas, potatoes, or broadleaf seed crops for at least 18 mo after treatment, depending on annual precipitation. Carefully follow label’s rotation restrictions for many other crops.
Site of action  (both) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (clopyralid) pyridine; (2,4-D) phenoxy acetic acid

WINTER WHEAT—Nonirrigated East of Cascades—Volunteer Rye,  Ropewick Treatment
•  glyphosate (Roundup)
Rate  33% solution (1 gal Roundup + 2 gal water)
Time  Ropewick after volunteer rye heads and is 6 inches above wheat but before wheat heads.
Remarks  Apply at least 35 days before harvest.
Caution  Do not let herbicide solution contact desirable vegetation.
Site of action  Group 9: inhibits EPSP synthase 
Chemical family  None generally accepted
WINTER WHEAT—Nonirrigated East of Cascades—Preharvest Treatment
•  2,4-D
Rate  0.5 to 1.4 lb ae/A
Time  Apply when grain is in the dough stage.
Remarks  To control weeds that will interfere with harvest or to suppress perennial weeds.
Caution  Do not apply to fields underseeded to legumes. Do not graze treated grain field within 14 days after treatment.
Site of action  Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  Phenoxy acetic acid
•  glyphosate (various names)
Rate  0.38 to 0.75 lb ae/A (1 to 2 pints/A Roundup)
Time  Apply after wheat reaches hard dough stage and grain moisture is less than 30%. Apply at least 7 days before harvest.
Remarks  To control annual and perennial weeds. Add 0.5 to 1% nonionic surfactant. Apply 3 to 10 gal/A by air or 10 to 20 gal/A by ground.
Caution  Do not apply to wheat grown for seed.
Site of action  Group 9: inhibits EPSP synthase
Chemical family  None generally accepted
•  glyphosate + 2,4-D (Landmaster BW)
Rate  0.38 to 0.59 lb ae/A glyphosate + 0.63 to 0.98 lb ae/A 2,4-D (54 to 84 oz/A Landmaster BW)
Time  Apply after wheat reaches hard dough stage and grain moisture is less than 30%. Preharvest interval is 7 days. Apply 3 to 10 gal/A by air or ground.
Remarks  Controls annual weeds and suppresses field bindweed.
Caution  Do not apply to wheat grown for seed. Do not feed treated straw to livestock. Do not allow dairy animals or meat animals being finished for slaughter to forage treated fields for 14 days after treatment.
Site of action  (glyphosate) Group 9: inhibits EPSP synthase; (2,4-D) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (glyphosate) none generally accepted; (2,4-D) phenoxy acetic acid
•  dicamba + 2,4-D (Weedmaster and others) 
Rate  0.25 lb ae/A dicamba + 0.5 to 1 lb ae/A 2,4-D
Time  Apply when grain is in hard dough stage and no green remains in stem nodes.
Remarks  To control weeds that will interfere with harvest or to suppress perennial weeds.
Caution  Do not apply to fields underseeded to legumes. Preharvest interval is 2 wk.
Site of action  Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (dicamba) benzoic acid; (2,4-D) phenoxy acetic acid
•   carfentrazone (Aim EC) 
Rate  0.016 to 0.031 lb ai/A (1 to 2 fl oz/A Aim EC)
Time  Apply when crop is mature and the grain has begun to dry down.
Remarks  A nonionic surfactant (NIS), methylated seed oil (MSO), or crop oil concentrate (COC) is required. Coverage is essential for satisfactory performance. Re-treat if necessary.
Caution  If applied as a tank-mixture, refer to the other product’s label for restrictions on tank-mixing and observe all label precautions, instructions, and rotational cropping restrictions.
Site of action  Group 14: protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor
Chemical family  Triazinone
WINTER WHEAT—Nonirrigated East of Cascades—Field Bindweed and Canada Thistle
Summer fallow or postharvest
•  2,4-D amine
Rate  2.8 lb ae/A
Time  Apply when weeds are in the bud or bloom stage of growth.
Remarks  In the summer fallow year, cultivate until July 1, then let weeds regrow to treatment stage. In the crop year, treat after harvest. Treat every year; skipping 1 yr allows weeds to recover. Do not plant treated land until 3 mo after application or until chemical disappears from soil. However, special local needs labels permit seeding wheat 1 mo after applying.
Caution  Do not let 2,4-D drift off target.
Site of action  Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  Phenoxy acetic acid
•  dicamba (Banvel, Clarity, or others)
Rate  0.5 to 2 lb ae/A
Time  Apply to fallow land, wheat stubble, or land to be rotated to wheat.
Remarks  Control is best when weeds are actively growing in postbloom stage and before a killing frost. Make follow-up applications in spring to control seedlings. See label for crop use and crop rotation restrictions and for tank-mix recommendations.
Site of action  Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  Benzoic acid
•  glyphosate (various names)
Rate  1.5 to 2.3 lb ae/A (2 to 3 quarts/A Roundup)
Time  Apply in the fallow year to maturing but succulent weeds.
Remarks  In summer fallow year, cultivate until July 1. Then allow weeds to grow to treatment stage. Be sure to treat weed escapes in following years. To suppress Canada thistle, apply 0.75 lb ae/A plus 0.5 to 1% nonionic surfactant in 3 to 10 gal/A water in late summer or fall after harvest, mowing, or tillage. Allow thistle rosettes to regrow to at least 6 inches wide before treating.
Site of action  Group 9: inhibits EPSP synthase
Chemical family  None generally accepted
•  glyphosate + 2,4-D (Landmaster BW) 
bindweed only
Rate  0.379 lb ae/A glyphosate + 0.632 lb ae/A 2,4-D (54 oz/A  Landmaster BW). A 1% solution may be used for spot-treating, spray-to-wet applications. Do not apply to point of runoff.
Time  Apply in fallow or postharvest when bindweed runners are at least 10 inches long. Tilling after treatment may improve control.
Remarks  In fallow, cultivate until July 1. Then allow weeds to grow to treatment stage.
Site of action  (glyphosate) Group 9: inhibits EPSP synthase; (2,4-D) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (glyphosate) none generally accepted; (2,4-D) phenoxy acetic acid
•  picloram (Tordon 22K) +
•  2,4-D amine
Rate  Suppression only—0.125 to 0.25 lb ae/A picloram (0.5 to 1 pint/A Tordon 22K) + 0.5 to 1 lb ae/A 2,4-D. Spot treatment only—0.25 to 1 lb ae/A picloram (1 to 4 pints/A Tordon 22K) + 1 to 2 lb ae/A 2,4-D.
Time  In fallow grainland, apply to actively growing plants in early bud to full bloom stage. Apply either early in the season or to regrowth following cultivation.
Remarks  During crop year, treat soon after harvest when plants are still green and can easily be found. If picloram rate exceeds 0.25 lb ae/A, do not treat more than 10% of any given acreage per year. Do not apply by air if picloram rate exceeds 0.25 lb ae/A.
Caution  Picloram is a restricted-use herbicide. This treatment is likely to harm subsequent grain crop yield in treated areas for 1 yr or more. Do not let picloram drift off target. Do not use in diversified cropping areas.
Site of action  (both) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (picloram) pyridine; (2,4-D) phenoxy acetic acid 
In the crop
•  2,4-D amine
Rate  1.4 lb ae/A
Time  Apply when wheat is in dough stage of growth.
Remarks  This treatment works better on Canada thistle than on bindweed.  Do not graze within 14 days of treatment.
Caution  Do not let 2,4-D drift off target.
Site of action  Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  Phenoxy acetic acid
WINTER WHEAT—Nonirrigated East of Cascades—Canada Thistle
Summer fallow and postharvest
•  clopyralid + 2,4-D amine (Curtail)
Rate  0.095 to 0.19 lb ae/A clopyralid + 0.5 to 1 lb ae/A  2,4-D amine (2 to 4 pints/A Curtail)
Time  Apply to actively growing thistles after most basal leaves emerge but before bud stage.
Remarks  For best results, wait at least 20 days before disturbing treated areas (cultivation, mowing, fertilization with shank-type applicators) to allow thorough translocation. Apply in enough total spray volume to ensure good coverage.
Caution  Do not plant wheat, barley, oats, grasses, or field corn within 30 days of application. Do not plant sugar beets in the same growing season after treatment. Do not rotate to beans, lentils, peas, potatoes, or broadleaf seed crops for at least 18 mo after treatment, depending on annual precipitation. Carefully follow label rotation restrictions on many other crops.
Site of action  (both) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (clopyralid) pyridine; (2,4-D) phenoxy acetic acid
•  clopyralid (Stinger)
Rate  0.094 to 0.125 lb ae/A (0.25 to 0.33 pint/A Stinger)
Time  Apply from three-leaf up to the early boot stage of wheat growth. Apply to actively growing weeds. Only weeds emerged at time of application will be affected.
Remarks  To control perennial weeds such as Canada thistle, use the 0.33-pint/A rate.
Caution  Do not plant sugar beets in the same growing season after treatment. Do not rotate to beans, lentils, peas, potatoes, or broadleaf seed crops for at least 18 mo after treatment, depending on annual precipitation. Carefully follow label rotation restrictions on many other crops.
Site of action  Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  Pyridine
In the crop
•  clopyralid + 2,4-D amine (Curtail)
Rate  0.095 to 0.126 lb ae/A clopyralid + 0.5 to 0.67 lb ae/A  2,4-D amine (2 to 2.66 pints/A Curtail)
Time  Apply in spring, after grain begins tillering up to jointing stage (first node on stem detectable).
Remarks  Apply after most basal leaves have emerged but before bud stage.
Caution  Do not plant sugar beets in the same growing season after treatment. Do not rotate to beans, lentils, peas, potatoes, or broadleaf seed crops for at least 18 mo after treatment, depending on annual precipitation. Carefully follow label rotation restrictions on many other crops.
Site of action  (both) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (clopyralid) pyridine; (2,4-D) phenoxy acetic acid
WINTER WHEAT—Nonirrigated East of Cascades—Quackgrass 
•  sulfosulfuron (Maverick)
Rate  0.031 lb ai/A (0.67 oz/A Maverick) + 0.5% nonionic surfactant
Time  Spring, postemergence to wheat and quackgrass up to the jointing stage of growth.
Remarks  Apply in early spring when quackgrass has recovered from cold weather, when most foliage is green, not red or purple.
Caution  Do not use within 60 days of crop emergence if an organophosphate insecticide has been applied in-furrow. Do not tank-mix with malathion.  Do not plant any crop other than wheat for 1 yr after application.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
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