Spring Wheat
Joe Yenish and Don Morishita
Revised December 15, 2008

SPRING WHEAT—Preplant Weed Control
•  glyphosate (several trade names)
Rate  0.375 to 0.75 lb ae/A
Time  Apply before, during, or after planting wheat but before wheat emerges.
Remarks  Results are best if a delay between tillage and planting allows weeds to emerge before the wheat. Glyphosate also may be used as a spot-treatment in fields. Do not treat more than 10% of the field to be harvested. Be aware that glyphosate is formulated as 3 lb, 4 lb, 4.17 lb , 4.5 lb, and 5 lb ae/gal; be sure to use the correct amount of herbicide. Some products require adding a nonionic surfactant; check the label.
Caution  Carefully check the entire field to ensure that no wheat has begun to emerge. Do not permit glyphosate to drift off target.
Site of action  Group 9: inhibits EPSP synthase
Chemical family  None generally accepted
•  paraquat (Gramoxone Inteon)
Rate  2 to 4 pints/A (0.25 to 1 lb ai/A)
Time  Apply before, during, or after planting wheat but before wheat emerges.
Remarks  Results are best if a delay between tillage and planting allows weeds to emerge. Controls only annual weeds. Always use a nonionic surfactant, crop oil concentrate, or methylated seed oil with the application.
Caution  A restricted-use herbicide. Dry, dusty conditions will decrease herbicide’s activity. Do not apply if wheat has already emerged.
Site of action  Group 22: photosystem I electron diversion
Chemical family  Bipyridilium
SPRING WHEAT—Wild Oat 
•  triallate (Far-Go)
Rate  1.0 to 1.25 lb ai/A (1.0 to 1.25 quarts/A Far-Go)
Time  Apply before or after seeding.
Remarks  Incorporate shallowly in two directions at right angles. Some stand thinning may occur on clay knobs or where wheat is dusted in, due to dry weather. May not control spring-germinating wild oat. Do not graze.
Site of action  Group 8: lipid synthesis inhibitor but not an ACCase inhibitor
Chemical family  Thiocarbamate
•  imazamethabenz (Assert)
Rate  0.41 to 0.47 lb ai/A (1.3 to 1.5 pints/A Assert 2.5LC)
Time  Apply to wheat (including durum) from the two-leaf stage but before the first internode develops. Apply to wild oat in the one- to four-leaf stage.
Remarks  If wild oat plants exceed 25/sq ft, use a minimum spray volume of 15 gal/A by ground. Use the high rate and increase spray volume if wild oats have begun tillering. Controls roughstalk bluegrass,  wild mustard, tansy mustard, flixweed, and field pennycress and suppresses wild buckwheat and catchweed bedstraw. For best control, Assert must absorb into plant leaves for 3 hr before rain or overhead irrigation. Use a nonionic surfactant with at least 80% ai. Do not use a surfactant that also acts as a buffering agent or Assert may precipitate. Liquid fertilizers that do not contain phosphorus, such as 28-0-0, can be applied with Assert alone or with approved tank-mix partners.
Caution  Do not graze treated fields or cut treated foliage for silage or hay. Do not tank-mix Assert with dicamba or amine formulations of MCPA, 2,4-D, or phosphorus fertilizers. Do not plant red beets, oats, rape, mustard, broccoli, potatoes, or lentils for at least 15 mo after application. Do not plant sugar beets for at least 20 mo after applying. Do not apply Assert if freezing temperatures are forecast.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Imidazolinone
•  fenoxaprop + 2,4-D + MCPA (Tiller)
Rate  0.08 ai/A fenoxaprop + 0.12 ai/A 2,4-D ester + 0.37 ai/A MCPA ester (1.7 pints/A Tiller 2.7EC)
Time  Apply from beginning of tillering (three- to four-leaf stage) but before jointing. Apply to wild oat and barnyardgrass in the two-leaf to two-tiller stage of growth.
Remarks  Applying under dry conditions reduces performance, especially on wild oat. Fenoxaprop also controls green foxtail, yellow foxtail, proso millet, and blackgrass. Rates and tank-mixes vary by species; consult label for recommendations. Components of Tiller control certain broadleaf weeds such as mustards and common lambsquarters.
Caution  Tiller contains phenoxy esters; drift affects sensitive plants. Applying under cool, wet conditions might temporarily yellow and/or stunt crop.
Site of action  (fenoxaprop) Group 1: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor: Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (fenoxaprop) aryloxyphenoxy propionate; (2,4-D and MCPA) phenoxy acetic acid
•  fenoxaprop (Puma)
Rate  0.0825 lb ai/A fenoxaprop (0.66 pint/A Puma)
Time  Apply to wheat from emergence up to 70 days before harvest. Apply to young, vigorously growing grass weeds. Wild oat is susceptible in the two-leaf to two-tiller stage of growth, blackgrass in the two-leaf through advanced tillering, and windgrass from emergence to 3 inches tall.
Remarks  Low soil moisture, low humidity, and high temperatures before herbicide application might slightly reduce wild oat control.
Caution  Do not tank-mix with other herbicides, surfactants, or liquid fertilizers unless specifically recommended on the label.
Site of action  Group 1: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor
Chemical family  Aryloxyphenoxy propionate
•  difenzoquat (Avenge)
Rate  Base application rate on wild oat density: 2.5 to 3 pints/A Avenge (1 to 25 wild oat plants/sq ft) or 4 pints/A Avenge (more than 25 wild oat plants/sq ft)
Time  Apply to wheat from the four-leaf to tillered stage. Do not apply to wheat with flag leaf exposed or crop may be injured. Apply to wild oat when most plants are in the three- to five-leaf stage.
Remarks  Use 1 lb ai/A rate if wild oat plants exceed 25/sq ft. Use additional surfactant if spray volume is more than 10 gal/A. Do not apply if freezing temperatures are forecast, plants are wet with dew or rain, rain is expected within 6 hours, or the flag leaf is exposed. Do not apply more than once per season.
Caution  Do not get this herbicide in eyes or on skin. Follow the “Recommended” and “Not recommended” table in the Avenge label for restricted varieties wheat. See label for wheat varieties on which use of Avenge is not recommended.
Site of action  Group 26: unknown
Chemical family  Pyrazolium
•  propoxycarbazone-sodium (Olympus)
Rate  0.026 to 0.039 lb ai/A (0.6 to 0.9 oz/A Olympus) in a single application + 0.25 to 0.5% nonionic surfactant
Time  Apply to wheat from emergence until just before jointing begins.
Remarks  Do not exceed 0.9 oz/A Olympus per crop year.
Caution  Do not use with organosilicone-based surfactants.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone
•  sulfosulfuron (Maverick)
Rate  0.031 lb ai/A (0.67 oz/A Maverick) + 0.5% nonionic surfactant
Time  Apply to spring wheat in a single postemergence application when wild oat is in the one- to four-leaf stage and actively growing. May be applied after wheat emerges but before jointing.
Remarks  See label for tank-mix partners.
Caution  See label for rotational crop restrictions.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
SPRING WHEAT—Wild Oat and Italian Ryegrass
•  diclofop (Hoelon)
Rate  0.5 to 1 lb ai/A (1.3 to 2.67 pints/A Hoelon 3EC)
Time  Apply when most annual grasses are in the two- to three-leaf growth stage and before the one-node stage of wheat growth.
Remarks  Larger grasses (three to four leaves) require the higher rate. Do not apply herbicides other than those approved for tank-mixtures within 5 days of diclofop. Under dry conditions, crop oil concentrate may be used at 0.5 to 1 pint/A for applications by air and 1 to 2 pints/A for ground application. Do not graze treated fields. Apply only once per growing season. Only Buctril, Harmony GT, and Peak may be tank-mixed with Hoelon.
Caution  A restricted-use herbicide.
Site of action  Group 1: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor
Chemical family  Aryloxyphenoxy propionate
•  tralkoxydim (Achieve Liquid)
Rate  0.18 to 0.24 lb ai/A (6.9 to 9.2 oz/A Achieve Liquid)
Time  Apply to wheat from two-leaf to boot stage. Apply to wild oat in the one- to six-leaf stage of growth (total leaves including tillers). Apply to Italian ryegrass at the one- to four-leaf stage.
Remarks  Wild oat will be controlled up to the emergence of the third tiller. Use Supercharge adjuvant (supplied with Achieve) at 4 pints/100 gal water (0.5% v/v).
Caution  Avoid drift to crop oats and corn.
Site of action  Group 1: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor
Chemical family  Cyclohexanedione
•  clodinafop (Discover or Discover NG)
Rate  0.05 to 0.0625 lb ai/A (3.2 to 4 oz/A Discover, or 12.8 to 16 oz/A Discover NG)
Time  Apply to wheat from two-leaf stage to emergence of fourth tiller. Apply to wild oat in the one- to six-leaf stage. Apply to Italian ryegrass at the one- to five-leaf stage.
Remarks  Wild oat will be controlled up to the emergence of the fourth tiller. Use DSV adjuvant with Discover (supplied with Discover) at 10.2 oz/A for wild oat and 12.8 oz/A for other grass weeds. Do not add DSV adjuvant to Discover NG. A nonphytotoxic methylated seed oil may be added at 0.25% v/v to enhance weed control under low-moisture or high-temperature stress or when spray volumes exceed 10 gal/A.
Caution  Avoid drift to crop oats and corn.
Site of action  Group 1: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor
Chemical family  Aryloxyphenoxy propionate
•  flucarbazone (Everest)
Rate  0.026 lb ai/A (0.61 oz/A Everest)
Time  Apply to wheat from emergence to before jointing stage.
Remarks  Use with nonionic surfactant (0.25%) in a spray volume of 5 to 10 gal/A. Everest controls pigweed and many mustard species.
Caution  Do not apply after jointing has started. Do not apply Everest more than once per season and carefully follow labeled tank-mixing instructions. Weed control may be reduced and wheat injury increased if applied during high temperatures or when soil is saturated.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone
•  pinoxaden (Axial or Axial XL)
Rate  0.053 lb ai/A (8.2 oz/A Axial or 16.4 oz/A Axial XL)
Time  Apply to spring wheat from the two-leaf to preboot stage. Apply to wild oat from one- to six-leaf stage but before fourth tiller emerges. Apply to Italian ryegrass from one- to five-leaf stage but before third tiller emerges.
Remarks  Use Adigor adjuvant (supplied with Axial) at 9.6 oz/A. Use at least 5 gal/A water in aerial applications, 5 to 10 gal/A water in ground applications. Surfactant not required with Axial XL formulation.
Caution  Avoid applying in more than 10 gal/A water, or grass control may be reduced. Do not apply to a crop stressed by conditions such as frost, low fertility, drought, flooding, or disease or insect damage; crop may be injured.
Site of action  Group 1: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor
Chemical family  Phenopyrazoline
SPRING WHEAT—Annual Broadleaf and Grass Weeds
•  imazamox (Beyond)
Rate  0.031 to 0.047 lb ai/A (4 to 6 oz/A Beyond)
Time  Apply postemergence to Clearfield wheat after tiller initiation but before jointing. May be applied in fall–winter or in spring for winter or spring annual weed control. Apply when most actively growing annual grass weeds are in the four- to five-leaf stage. Broadleaf weeds should be actively growing and less than 3 inches tall.
Remarks  Adding a nonionic surfactant and a liquid nitrogen fertilizer or ammonium sulfate solution is required.
Caution  Use only on Clearfield wheat varieties. Temporary height reduction or slight leaf yellowing may occur after application; effects can be more pronounced under environmental stress. Do not tank-mix with sulfonylurea herbicides due to potential crop response or weed control antagonism. Apply Beyond no more than 2 out of 4 yr. Do not plant Clearfield wheat continually. There are no restrictions for feeding or grazing wheat forage and hay after applying Beyond. Some crops cannot be planted within 26 mo of applying; see label for crop rotation restrictions.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Imidazolinone
•  imazamox + MCPA ester (Clearmax) 
sold as a co-pack of imazamox and MCPA ester in separate containers within the co-pack 
Rate  (0.031 to 0.047 lb ai/A imazamox (4 to 6 oz/A formulated imazamox) + 0.23 to 0.35 lb ae/A MCPA ester (8 to 12 oz/A formulated MCPA ester)
Time  Apply postemergence to Clearfield wheat after tiller initiation but before jointing. May be applied in fall–winter or in spring for winter or spring annual weed control. Apply when most actively growing annual grass weeds are in four- to five-leaf stage. Broadleaf weeds should be actively growing and less than 3 inches tall.
Remarks  Adding a nonionic surfactant and a liquid nitrogen fertilizer or ammonium sulfate solution is required.
Caution  Use only on Clearfield wheat varieties. Temporary height reduction or slight leaf yellowing may occur after application; effects can be more pronounced under environmental stress. Do not tank-mix with sulfonylurea herbicides due to potential crop response or weed control antagonism. Apply Beyond no more than 2 out of 4 yr. Do not plant Clearfield wheat continually. Do not forage or graze meat animals on treated areas within 7 days of slaughter. Do not forage or graze dairy animals on treated areas within 7 days after treatment. Some crops cannot be planted within 26 mo of application; see label for crop rotation restrictions.
Site of action  (imazamox) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor; (MCPA) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (imazamox) imidazolinone; (MCPA) phenoxy acetic acid
•  florasulam + fluroxypyr + pyroxsulam (GoldSky) 
Rate  0.0022 lb ai/A florasulam + 0.0891 lb ai/A fluroxypyr + 0.0133 lb ai/A pyroxsulam (1 pint/A GoldSky) 
Time  Apply to actively growing wheat from the three-leaf to jointing stage (Zadoks scale 31). Treat after most weeds have emerged. Apply with a nonionic surfactant (0.25% to 0.50% v/v) and ammonium sulfate (1.5 lb/A). 
Remarks  Warm, moist growing conditions promote active weed growth and enhance activity of GoldSky. Weeds hardened off by cold weather or drought may not be adequately controlled or suppressed and may regrow.
Caution  Do not use an adjuvant when applying GoldSky in combination with emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations, such as 2,4-D ester or MCPA ester products.
Site of action  (florasulam and pyroxsulam) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor; (fluroxypyr) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family (florasulam) sulfonamide; (fluroxypyr) pyridine; (pyroxsulam) triazolopyrimidine  

SPRING WHEAT—Annual Broadleaf Weeds
•  bromoxynil (several trade names)
Rate  0.38 to 0.5 lb ai/A (0.5 lb ai/A may be used with chemigation)
Time  Apply as soon as the weeds have germinated.
Remarks  Not recommended for use in western Washington. Effective control is on weeds less than 1 inch. Do not graze for 45 days. Be aware that bromoxynil is formulated as 2 lb and 4 lb ai/gal; be sure to use the correct amount of herbicide. This herbicide is very compatible with many other broadleaf herbicides. Control has been more consistent with tank-mixtures.
Site of action  Group 6: photosystem II inhibitor
Chemical family  Nitrile
•  bromoxynil + MCPA  (several trade names)
Rate  0.75 to 1 lb total ai/A
Time  Apply when wheat is in the three-leaf stage but before boot stage.
Remarks  Not recommended for use in western Washington. Control is best when the weeds have fewer than four leaves or are less than 2 inches. Do not graze for 45 days. Be aware that bromoxynil + MCPA is formulated as 4 lb and 5 lb ai/gal; be sure to use the correct amount of herbicide.
Site of action  (bromoxynil) Group 6: photosystem II inhibitor; (MCPA) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (bromoxynil) nitrile; (MCPA) phenoxy acetic acid
•  bromoxynil + fluroxypyr (Starane NXT)
Rate  0.25 to 0.5 lb ai/A bromoxynil + 0.06 to 0.125 lb ai/A fluroxypyr (14 to 27.4 oz/A Starane NTX).
Time  Apply to wheat from three-leaf stage through flag leaf emergence. Apply to weeds up to 4 or 8 inches tall, depending on rate.
Remarks  Compatible with all grass herbicides. Any crop may be planted 120 days after application.
Site of action  (bromoxynil) Group 6: photosystem II inhibitor; (fluroxypyr) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (bromoxynil) nitrile; (fluroxypyr) pyridine
•  2,4-D
Rate  0.25 to 0.95 lb ae/A
Time  Apply when the wheat is fully tillered but before jointing.
Remarks  Using the highest rate increases potential for crop injury. Do not graze or feed forage within 14 days after treatment with 2,4-D.
Caution  Do not permit 2,4-D to drift off target.
Site of action  Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  Pyridine
•  MCPA
Rate  0.25 to 0.75 lb ae/A
Time  The 0.25-lb ae rate can be applied after the grain has four leaves. Higher rates can be used after grain is fully tillered but before jointing.
Remarks  Grazing interval varies with specific product label.
Caution  Do not permit MCPA to drift off target.
Site of action  Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  Phenoxy acetic acid
•  dicamba (Banvel, Clarity, or others)
Rate  0.125 lb ae/A
Time  When wheat is in two- to five-leaf stage of growth.
Remarks  To avoid crop injury, apply to wheat at the proper growth stage. Controls some weeds not controlled by 2,4-D. Do not apply to wheat underseeded to legumes.
Caution  Do not let dicamba drift off target. Do not graze or harvest for dairy feed before crop matures.
Site of action  Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  Benzoic acid
•  carfentrazone-ethyl (Aim EC)
Rate  0.008 to 0.03 lb ai/A (0.5 to 1.9 oz/A Aim EC). Apply 0.5 to 1 fl oz/A Aim EC to emerged small grains.
Time  Apply from before planting up to the jointing stage of wheat growth. For best performance, apply to actively growing weeds up to 4 inches high and rosettes less than 3 inches across.
Remarks  Apply alone or as a tank-mix with other herbicides to emerged and actively growing weeds. Use higher rates on more mature weeds or dense vegetative growth. Use a nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v (2 pints/100 gal spray solution) with at least 80% ai. When wheat grows in very dry soil, a high-quality sprayable liquid nitrogen fertilizer (2 to 4% v/v or 2 to 4 gal/100 gal spray solution) may be used in addition to the nonionic surfactant. 
Caution  Crop injury may increase with tank-mixtures of carfentrazone with emulsifiable (EC) formulations of other herbicides, fungicides, or insecticides or with crop oil concentrate, methylated seed oil, or silicone-based adjuvants.
Site of action  Group 14: protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor
Chemical family  Triazinone
•  pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil (Huskie) 
Rate  0.027 to 0.037 lb pyrasulfotole + 0.22 to 0.29 lb bromoxynil/A (11 to 15 oz/A Huskie)
Time  Apply to active growing wheat after the one-leaf growth stage up to flag leaf emergence.
Remarks  Compatible with many commonly used tank-mix partners. Spray additives such as ammonium sulfate, urea ammonium nitrate, or nonionic surfactant may be used especially under challenging conditions to optimize herbicidal activity. Apply alone or in a tank-mix with other herbicides to actively growing weeds.
Caution  Rain within 1 hr after application may reduce control. Do not apply more than once per season. Preharvest interval is 25 days for forage and 60 days for straw or grain.
Site of action  (pyrasulfotole) Group 27: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor; (bromoxynil) Group 6: photosystem II inhibitor
Chemical family  (pyrasulfotole) pyrazole; (bromoxynil) nitrile
•  florasulam + MCPA ester (Orion)  
Rate  0.0044 lb florasulam + 0.31 lb MCPA ester/A (17 oz/A Orion)
Time  Apply early postemergence to actively growing weeds and wheat from the three-leaf crop growth stage up to the jointing stage. A later application, when crop is between jointing and boot stages, may control weeds emerging later; however, do not apply unless the risk of injury is acceptable. Do not apply after the boot stage. 
Remarks  Only weeds that have emerged at the time of application will be controlled.
Caution  If foliage is wet at the time of application, control may be reduced. Orion is rainfast within 4 hr after application.
Site of action  (florasulam) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor; (MCPA ester) Group 4: synthetic auxin 
Chemical  family  (florasulam) triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide; (MCPA ester) phenoxy acetic acid
•  fluroxypyr (Starane Ultra) 
Rate  0.11 to 0.25 lb ae/A fluroxypyr (0.3 to 0.7 pints/A Starane Ultra)
Time  Apply to actively growing wheat from two-leaf stage up to and including flag leaf emergence. Apply when weeds are actively growing but before they are vining or 8 inches tall.
Remarks  Bedstraw and kochia (including sulfonylurea-resistant biotypes) are some weeds that fluroxypyr controls at the lower rate. Only weeds emerged at application will be affected. Moisture on foliage at application may decrease control. Applications are rainfast after 1 hr.
Caution  Do not plant any crop other than wheat, barley, or oats for 120 days after application.
Site of action  Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  Pyridine
•  fluroxypyr + clopyralid (WideMatch)
Rate  0.094 to 0.125 lb ae/A fluroxypyr + 0.094 to 0.125 lb ae/A clopyralid (1 to 1.33 pints/A WideMatch)
Time  Apply to wheat from the three-leaf through flag leaf emergence growth stage.
Remarks  May be applied in tank-mix combinations with labeled rates of other products. Apply to weeds up to 4 to 8 inches tall, depending on rate. Tank-mix with MCPA, Harmony GT, or 2,4-D. Compatible with all grass herbicides.
Site of action  (both) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (both) pyridine
•  chlorsulfuron (Glean) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.13 to 0.25 oz ai/A (0.17 to 0.33 oz/A Glean 75 DF). Do not exceed 0.33 oz/A Glean in an 18-mo period.
Time  Apply in spring any time after most weeds emerge and after crop is in the two-leaf through second-joint stage.
Remarks  Chlorsulfuron controls a wide range of broadleaf weeds and inhibits Canada thistle but does not control nightshades. For best results with postemergence applications, add a surfactant of at least 80% ai at 1 to 2 quarts/100 gal and apply to actively growing weeds. Specific weed problems have various tank-mix possibilities; see label for recommendations.
Caution  Do not use on soils above pH 7.9. Chlorsulfuron can persist in soil. Carefully follow label instructions about crop rotations. Many crops may not be planted within 2 yr or longer after applying. See label for cautions on tank-mix or sequential applications with organophosphate insecticides and applications just before or during adverse conditions such as cold weather.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
•  metsulfuron (Ally XP) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.06 oz ai/A (0.1 oz/A Ally XP)
Time  Apply postemergence after wheat has two leaves but before boot stage.
Remarks  Metsulfuron controls a wide range of broadleaf weeds and inhibits Canada thistle growth. For best results add a nonionic surfactant of at least 80% ai at 1 to 2 quarts/100 gal. For weeds that are difficult to control, apply while they are actively growing and not more than 2 inches tall or wide. To broaden the spectrum of control, tank-mix with a suitable registered herbicide such as 2,4-D, bromoxynil, dicamba, or MCPA. Time application to coincide with recommendation for specific tank-mix partner.
Caution  Metsulfuron can persist in soil. Carefully follow label instructions about crop rotations.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
•  thifensulfuron + tribenuron + metsulfuron (Ally Extra) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.14 to 0.28 oz ai/A (0.2 to 0.4 oz/A Ally Extra 75DF) + 0.25% nonionic surfactant
Time  After crop is in two-leaf stage but before flag leaf is visible.
Remarks  Results are best on young, actively growing weeds, when temperature is 60°F or higher, and soil moisture is adequate before, during, and immediately after treatment.
Caution  Do not let this herbicide drift off target. Do not plant any crop but wheat or barley for 45 days after application. Do not plant sugar beets, winter rape, or canola less than 60 days after application.
Site of action  (all) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  (all) sulfonylurea
•  triasulfuron (Amber) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.21 to 0.26 oz ai/A (0.28 to 0.35 oz/A Amber 75DF)
Time  Apply after crop is in the two-leaf to preboot stage of growth.
Remarks  Control is best when weeds are actively growing and less than 2 inches tall or wide. Add a nonionic surfactant of at least 80% ai at 1 to 2 quarts/100 gal. Preplant or preemergence applications can be made to control or suppression certain weeds; refer to label.
Caution  Triasulfuron can persist in soil. Follow label instructions when rotating to barley. At these rates, wheat can be reseeded immediately after application; all other crops require a field bioassay. Do not let spray drift to nontarget crops. Do not apply when wheat is stressed due to temperature, moisture, disease, or insects. See label for use restrictions in sections of Washington and Oregon west of the Cascades. Do not apply with or sequentially to malathion.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
•  chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron (Finesse) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.15 to 0.23 oz ai/A (0.2 to 0.3 oz/A Finesse 75DF)
Time  Apply from the two-leaf to second-joint stage.
Remarks  Finesse controls a wide range of broadleaf weeds and inhibits Canada thistle growth. For best results with post-emergence applications, weeds should be actively growing and a nonionic surfactant of at least 80% ai should be added at 1 to 2 quarts/100 gal. For specific weed problems, various tank-mixes are possible; see the manufacturer’s label for recommendations.
Caution  Do not use on soils above pH 7.9. Finesse can persist in soil. Carefully follow label instructions on crop rotations; many crops may not be planted for 2 yr or longer after application. Refer to label for cautions on tank-mix or sequential applications with organophosphate insecticides and applications just before or during adverse conditions such as cold or freezing weather.
Site of action  (both) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  (both) sulfonylurea
•  prosulfuron (Peak) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.14 to 0.29 oz ai/A (0.25 to 0.5 oz/A Peak)
Time  Apply postemergence from the three-leaf to the second-joint stage of growth.
Remarks  Results are best when weeds are young and actively growing. Apply with nonionic surfactant of at least 80% ai at 1 to 2 quarts/100 gal, or a crop oil concentrate of at least 12% emulsifier at 1 to 4 pints/A.
Caution  Carefully follow crop rotations instructions on label. Do not let spray drift to nontarget crops. See label for cautions on tank-mix or sequential applications with organophosphate insecticides and applications just before or during adverse conditions such as freezing weather.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
•  thifensulfuron (Harmony GT) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.014 to 0.028 lb ai/A (0.3 to 0.6 oz/A Harmony GT) 
Time  After crop is in two-leaf stage but before flag leaf is visible.
Remarks  Results are best when weeds are young and actively growing, temperature is 60°F or higher, and soil moisture is adequate before, during, and immediately after treatment. Can be tank-mixed with grass herbicides. Include a nonionic surfactant of at least 80% ai at 1 quart/100 gal.
Caution  Do not let spray drift to adjacent crop or land. Do not apply during an air temperature inversion. Immediately after spraying, thoroughly clean mixing and spray equipment with an approved tank cleaner. Do not plant any crop except wheat, barley, soybeans, field corn, or oats for 45 days after application.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
•  thifensulfuron + tribenuron (Harmony Extra) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.23 to 0.45 oz ai/A (0.3 to 0.6 oz/A Harmony Extra 75DF)
Time  After wheat in two-leaf stage but before flag leaf is visible.
Remarks  Results are best when weeds are young and actively growing, temperature is 60°F or higher, and soil moisture is adequate before, during, and immediately after treatment. Include a nonionic surfactant of at least 80% ai at 1 quart/100 gal.
Caution  Do not let spray drift to adjacent crops or land. Do not apply during an air temperature inversion. Immediately after spraying, thoroughly clean mixing and spray equipment. Wheat and barley may be planted any time after application. Sugar beets, winter rape, and canola may be planted 60 days after application. All other crops may be planted 45 days after application.
Site of action  (both) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  (both) sulfonylurea
• tribenuron (Express) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.13 to 0.25 oz ai/A (0.17 to 0.33 oz/A Express 75DF)
Time  After wheat is in two-leaf stage but before flag leaf is visible.
Remarks  Results are best when weeds are young and actively growing, temperature is 60°F or higher, and soil moisture is adequate before, during, and immediately after treatment. Include a nonionic surfactant of at least 80% ai at 1 quart/100 gal.
Caution  Do not let spray drift to adjacent crops or land. Do not apply during an air temperature inversion. Immediately after spraying, thoroughly clean mixing and spraying equipment. Wheat and barley may be planted any time after application. Plant sugar beets, winter rape, or canola no less than 60 days after application. All other crops may be planted 45 days after application.
Site of action  Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  Sulfonylurea
•  thifensulfuron + tribenuron (Affinity Broadspec or Affinity TankMix) +
•  another broadleaf herbicide with a different mode of action
Rate  0.0125 to 0.031 lb ai/A (0.4 to 1 oz /A Affinity Broadspec) or 0.01875 to 0.031 lb ai/A (0.6 to 1 oz/A Affinity TankMix) + 0.25% nonionic surfactant
Time  Apply after crop is in two-leaf stage but before flag leaf is visible.
Remarks  Results are best when weeds are young and actively growing, temperature is 60°F or higher, and soil moisture is adequate before, during, and immediately after treatment. Refer to most recent grass herbicide label to determine tank-mix restrictions.
Caution  Do not let this herbicide drift off target. Do not plant any crop but wheat or barley for 45 days after application. Sugar beets, winter rape, and canola cannot be planted until 60 days after application.
Site of action  (both) Group 2: acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor
Chemical family  (both) sulfonylurea
•  2,4-D amine or 
•  MCPA amine  +
•  dicamba (Banvel, Clarity, or others)
Rate  0.38 lb ae/A 2,4-D or 0.25 lb ae/A MCPA + 0.06 to 0.12 lb ae/A dicamba
Time  Apply as soon as wheat is 4 to 8 inches tall (3 to 5 inches tall for MCPA) but before wheat exceeds five-leaf stage.
Remarks  Do not graze or feed forage within 14 days after treatment with 2,4-D.
Caution  Do not let this combination drift off target. 
Site of action  (all) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (2,4-D and MCPA) phenoxy acetic acid; (dicamba) benzoic acid
SPRING WHEAT—Annual Broadleaf Weeds and Canada Thistle
•  clopyralid (Stinger or Clopyr Ag)
Rate  0.09 to 0.125 lb ae/A (0.25 to 0.33 pint/A Stinger or Clopyr Ag 3SC)
Time  Apply after crop is in three-leaf to early boot stage of growth. Apply to actively growing weeds. Only weeds emerged at the time of application will be affected.
Remarks  To control Canada thistle, use 0.33-pint/A rate. Russian knapweed is only suppressed at this rate. Do not exceed a total of 0.66 pint/A/yr.
Caution  Do not plant alfalfa, asparagus, canola, Brassica species grown for seed, dry beans, mint, onions, or sweet corn during the first 12 mo after application. Consult label for crop rotation restrictions related to annual precipitation. A restricted-use herbicide in Washington.
Site of action  Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  Pyridine
•  clopyralid + MCPA (Curtail M)
Rate  0.09 to 0.12 lb ae/A clopyralid + 0.5 to 0.69 lb ae/A MCPA (1.75 to 2.33 pints/A Curtail M 2.77SC)
Time  Apply in spring to actively growing weeds after grain has three unfolded leaves on the main stem, up to jointing stage (first node on stem detectable).
Remarks  Apply before weeds exceed 3 inches in height or diameter. For Canada thistle, apply after most basal leaves have emerged but before bud stage.
Caution  Curtail M can persist in soil. Do not plant wheat, barley, oats, grasses, or field corn within 30 days of application. Do not plant sugar beets in the same growing season after treatment. Do not rotate to beans, lentils, peas, potatoes, or broadleaf seed crops for at least 18 mo after treatment, depending on annual precipitation. Carefully follow label instructions on rotation restrictions on many other crops. A restricted-use herbicide in Washington.
Site of action  (both) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (both) pyridine
•  clopyralid + 2,4-D amine (Curtail)
Rate  0.095 to 0.126 lb ae clopyralid + 0.5 to 0.67 lb ae 2,4-D amine/A (2 to 2.66 pints/A Curtail 2.38SC)
Time  Apply in spring to young, actively growing weeds after grain has begun tillering up to jointing stage (first node on stem detectable).
Remarks  This is particularly effective on weeds in the sunflower family such as Canada thistle and mayweed. Control of tough winter annual weeds such as corn gromwell and fiddleneck requires tank-mixing with other herbicides. See Curtail label for details on mixture. Apply to Canada thistle after most basal leaves emerge but before bud stage.
Caution  A restricted-use herbicide in Washington. Do not plant wheat, barley, oats, grasses, or field corn within 30 days after application. Do not plant sugar beets, including beets grown for seed, in the same growing season following application. Do not plant alfalfa, asparagus, canola (rapeseed), Brassica species grown for seed, cole crops, dry beans, soybeans, grain sorghum, mint, onions, popcorn, safflower, sunflower, sweet corn, or strawberries for 12 mo after application.
If rain (not including irrigation) is 18 inches or more annually, alfalfa, dry beans, canola (rapeseed), Brassica species grown for seed, grain sorghum, mint, popcorn, sweet corn, soybeans, and sunflowers may be planted 12 mo after applying Curtail. Asparagus, cole crops, lentils, onions, peas, potatoes (including potatoes grown for seed), safflower, strawberries, or broadleaf crops grown for seed (except Brassica species) may also be planted 12 mo after treatment. Unless injury risk is acceptable, do not plant these crops until 18 mo after treatment.
If rain (not including irrigation) is less than 18 inches annually, alfalfa, dry beans, soybeans, sunflowers, lentils, peas, potatoes (including potatoes grown for seed), or broadleaf crops grown for seed (excluding Brassica species) should not be planted until 18 mo after applying Curtail. Crop injury and/or yield loss may occur up to 4 yr after application. In soils with low organic matter (less than 2%) and less than 15 inches average annual rain, crop injury may be reduced by burning or removing plant residues, by supplemental fall irrigation, and by deep moldboard plowing before planting the sensitive crop.
Do not apply by air during an air temperature inversion. 
Site of action  (both) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (clopyralid) pyridine; (2,4-D) phenoxy acetic acid
SPRING WHEAT—Preharvest Weed Control
• glyphosate (Roundup and others)
Rate  0.38 to 0.75 lb ae/A 
Time  Apply after wheat reaches hard dough stage and grain moisture is less than 30%. Preharvest interval is 7 days.
Remarks  To control annual and perennial weeds. Add 0.5 to 1% nonionic surfactant. Apply in 3 to 10 gal/A by air or ground.
Caution  Do not apply to wheat grown for seed.
Site of action  Group 9: inhibits EPSP synthase
Chemical family  None generally accepted.
•  glyphosate + 2,4-D (Landmaster BW)
Rate  0.38 to 0.59 lb ae/A glyphosate + 0.63 to 0.98 lb ae/A 2,4-D (54 to 84 oz/A Landmaster BW 2.4SC)
Time  Apply after wheat reaches hard dough stage and grain moisture is less than 30%. Preharvest interval is 7 days.
Remarks  Controls annual weeds, suppresses field bindweed. Apply in 3 to 10 gal/A by air or ground.
Caution  Do not apply to wheat grown for seed. Do not feed treated straw to livestock. Do not allow dairy or meat animals being finished for slaughter to forage treated fields for 14 days after treatment.
Site of action  (glyphosate) Group 9: inhibits EPSP synthase; (2,4-D) Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  (glyphosate) none generally accepted; (2,4-D) pyridine
•  2,4-D
Rate  0.5 to 1.4 lb ae/A
Time  Apply when grain is in the hard dough stage.
Remarks  Controls weeds that interfere with harvest or suppresses perennial weeds.
Caution  Do not apply to fields underseeded to legumes. Do not graze treated grain fields within 14 days after treatment. 
Site of action  Group 4: synthetic auxin
Chemical family  Pyridine
•  carfentrazone (Aim EC) 
Rate  0.016 to 0.031 lb ai/A (1 to 2 fl oz/A Aim EC)
Time  Apply when crop is mature and grain has begun to dry down
Remarks  A nonionic surfactant (NIS), methylated seed oil (MSO), or crop oil concentrate (COC) is required. Coverage is essential for satisfactory performance. Repeat application if necessary.
Caution  If applied as a tank-mixture, refer to the other product’s label for restrictions on tank-mixing and observe all label precautions, instructions, and rotational cropping restrictions.
Site of action  Group 14: protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor
Chemical family  Triazinonebreakhere